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BCMSN – Building Converged Cisco Multilayer Switched Networks : 642-812 Exam

Certkiller uses layer 3 switches in the Core of their network. Which method of Layer
3 switching uses a forwarding information base (FIB)?

A. Topology-based switching
B. Demand-based switching
C. Route caching
D. Flow-based switching
E. None of the above

Answer: A

Explanation:
The Layer 3 engine (essentially a router) maintains routing information, whether from
static routes or dynamic routing protocols. Basically, the routing table is reformatted into
an ordered list with the most specific route first, for each IP destination subnet in the
table. The new format is called a Forwarding Information Base (FIB) and contains
routing or forwarding information that the network prefix can reference.
In other words, a route to 10.1.0.0/16 might be contained in the FIB, along with routes to
10.1.1.0/24 and 10.1.1.128/25, if those exist. Notice that these examples are increasingly
more specific subnets. In the FIB, these would be ordered with the most specific, or
longest match, first, followed by less specific subnets. When the switch receives a packet,
it can easily examine the destination address and find the longest match entry in the FIB.
The FIB also contains the next-hop address for each entry. When a longest match entry is
found in the FIB, the Layer 3 next-hop address is found, too.

You need to design the VLAN scheme for the Certkiller network. Which two
statements are true about best practices in VLAN design? (Select two)

A. Routing should occur at the access layer if voice VLANs are utilized. Otherwise,
routing should occur at the distribution layer.
B. Routing should always be performed at the distribution layer.
C. VLANs should be localized to a switch.
D. VLANs should be localized to a single switch unless voice VLANs are being utilized.
E. Routing should not be performed between VLANs located on separate switches.

Answer: B, C

Explanation:
In the distribution layer, uplinks from all access layer devices are aggregated, or come
together. The distribution layer switches must be capable of processing the total volume
of traffic from all the connected devices. These switches should have a port density of
high-speed links to support the collection of access layer switches.
VLANs and broadcast domains converge at the distribution layer, requiring routing,
filtering, and security. The switches at this layer must be capable of performing
multilayer switching with high throughput. Only certain Catalyst switch models can
provide multilayer switching; be sure to understand which ones can do this.
A switched environment offers the technology to overcome flat network limitations.
Switched networks can be subdivided into VLANs. By definition, a VLAN is a single
broadcast domain. All devices connected to the VLAN receive broadcasts from other
VLAN members. However, devices connected to a different VLAN will not receive those
same broadcasts. (Naturally, VLAN members also receive unicast packets directed
toward them from other VLAN members.)
A VLAN consists of defined members communicating as a logical network segment. In
contrast, a physical segment consists of devices that must be connected to a physical
cable segment. A VLAN can have connected members located anywhere in the campus
network, as long as VLAN connectivity is provided between all members. Layer 2
switches are configured with a VLAN mapping and provide the logical connectivity
between the VLAN members.
The Certkiller LAN switches are being configured to support the use of Dynamic
VLANs. What should be considered when implementing a dynamic VLAN solution?
(Select two)

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A. Each switch port is assigned to a specific VLAN.
B. Dynamic VLANs require a VLAN Membership Policy Server.
C. Devices are in the same VLAN regardless of which port they attach to.
D. Dynamic VLAN assignments are made through the command line interface.

Answer: B, C

Explanation:
With VLAN Membership Policy Server (VMPS), you can assign switch ports to VLANs
dynamically, based on the source Media Access Control (MAC) address of the device
connected to the port. When you move a host from a port on one switch in the network to
a port on another switch in the network, the switch assigns the new port to the proper
VLAN for that host dynamically.
Note: There are two types of VLAN port configurations: static and dynamic.
Incorrect Answers
A: In a static VLAN, the administrator assigns switch ports to the VLAN, and the
association does not change until the administrator changes the port assignment.
However, this is not the case of dynamic VLANs.
D: The Command Line Interface is not used for dynamic VLAN assignments.
Reference: Cisco Online, Configuring Dynamic Port VLAN Membership with VMPS
What is the preferred method of filtering bridged traffic within a VLAN?

A. Ethernet maps
B. Router ACLs
C. VLAN access maps
D. IP ACLs

Answer: C

Explanation:
VLAN ACLs or VLAN maps access-control all packets (bridged and routed). You can
use VLAN maps to filter traffic between devices in the same VLAN.
Each VLAN access map can consist of one or more map sequences, each sequence with a
match clause and an action clause. The match clause specifies IP, IPX, or MAC ACLs for
traffic filtering and the action clause specifies the action to be taken when a match
occurs. When a flow matches a permit ACL entry, the associated action is taken and the
flow is not checked against the remaining sequences. When a flow matches a deny ACL
entry, it will be checked against the next ACL in the same sequence or the next sequence.
If a flow does not match any ACL entry and at least one ACL is configured for that
packet type, the packet is denied.
Reference:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/switches/ps708/products_configuration_guide_chapter09186a008016

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