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ECCouncil: 312-49 Exam
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134 Questions
Updated : 03/10/2008
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Passed my CHFI this morning!
I took the CHFI today and did well.
– Jan 31, 2008
ECCouncil 312-49 Exam
Exam 312-49: Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI)
Associated Certification: Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator v3
Number of Questions: 50 multiple choice questions
CHFI Exam (312-49)
Credit Towards Certification
Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator v3
Exam Details
Number of Questions: 50
Passing Score: 70%
Test Duration: 2 Hours
Test Format: Multiple Choice
Test Delivery: Prometric Prime / Prometric APTC / VUE
Test Objectives v3
Module 01 Computer Forensics in Today’s World
? Summarize the History of Forensics
? Summarize the basic concepts of Computer Forensics
o What is Computer Forensics?
o Why Computer Forensics is necessary?
o What are the different ways of Forensic Data Collection?
o Objectives of Computer Forensics
o Benefits of Forensic Readiness
o Categories of Forensics Data
? Identify Computer Forensics Flaws and Risks
? Summarize the basic concepts of Computer Facilitated Crimes
o Type of Computer Crimes
o Cyber Crime
o Modes of Attacks
o Examples of Cyber Crime
o Examples of Evidence
? Identify the Stages of Forensic Investigation in Tracking Cyber Criminals
o Key Steps in Forensics Investigations
o Rules of Computer Forensics
o Need for Forensic Investigator
o Accessing Computer Forensics Resources
? Identify the need and procedure to Maintain professional conduct
? Understand Corporate Investigations
? Define the term Digital Forensics
? Explain the term Enterprise Theory of Investigation (ETI)
? Where and when do you use Computer Forensics?
Module 02 Law and Computer Forensics
? What privacy issues are involved in investigations?
? Discuss the Fourth Amendment
? Explain about Interpol- Information Technology Crime Center
? Summarize Internet Laws and Statutes
? How the FBI Investigates Computer Crime?
o Federal Statutes Investigated by the FBI
? Explain about Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE)
? Explain Federal Laws (Computer Crime)
? Summarize all the Intellectual Property Rights
? Summarize the laws about Cyber Stalking
? List all Crime Investigating Organizations
? National Infrastructure Protection Center
? Summarize the following acts and laws related to computer forensics:
o The USA Patriot Act of 2001
o The G8 Countries: Principles to Combat High-tech Crime
? The G8 Countries: Action Plan to Combat High-Tech Crime (International Aspects of Computer Crime)
o Crime Legislation of EU
o United Kingdom: Police and Justice Act 2006
o Australia: The Cybercrime Act 2001
o Belgium
o European Laws
o Austrian Laws
o Brazilian Laws
o Belgium Laws
o Canadian Laws
o France Laws
o Indian Laws
o German Laws
o Italian Laws
o Greece Laws
o Denmark Laws
o Norwegian Laws
o Netherlands Laws
? Give the brief idea about Internet Crime Schemes
o Why you should report cybercrime?
o What are the stages to report computer-related crimes?
o Which person is assigned to report the crime?
o When and How to Report an Incident?
o Who to Contact at the Law Enforcement?
o How to contact Federal Local Agents?
Module 03 Computer Investigation Process
? How to investigate computer crime?
? Explain the importance of securing computer evidence
? Discuss about investigating company policy violation
? What are the important things before the investigation?
? Explain Investigation Methodology
? Is there need of search warrant for investigation?
? How can you prepared for searches?
? Discuss about searching without warrant
? What do you mean by Warning Banners?
? How can you collect the evidence?
? Discuss Chain-of Evidence Form
? Explain Bit-stream copies
? How to examine digital evidence?
? Discuss the example of accessing policy violation case
? List down the steps important for computer forensic investigation
? Give the brief idea about investigation process
o Explain policy and procedure development
o Describe the following evidence assessment
? Case Assessment
? Processing Location Assessment
? Legal Considerations
? Evidence Assessment
o How to acquire evidence?
? Explain Imaging
? Describe write protection
? How to acquire the subject evidence?
o Explain in brief about evidence examination
? How can extract the evidence physically?
? How can you extract evidence logically?
? Describe the following analysis over extracted data
? Timeframe analysis
? Data hiding analysis
? Application and file analysis
? Describe about ownership and possession
o Explain documenting and reporting of evidence
? What should be in the final report?
o When to close the case?
? What are important factors to maintain professional conduct?
Module 04 First Responder Procedure
? Define Electronic Evidence
o Explain the forensic process
o Describe different types of Electronic Devices
o Discuss electronic devices and collecting potential evidence
o Summarize the features and basic attributes of evidence collecting tools and equipment
? Describe First Response Rule
? Explain Incident Response for following situations:
o First Response for System Administrators
o First Response by Non-Laboratory Staff
o First Response by Laboratory Forensic Staff
? How can you secure and evaluate electronic crime scene
? Which questions should be asked to a client?
? Discuss health and safety Issues
? Explain Consent
? Give the brief idea about Search and Seizure
o What is the planning for search and seizing?
o How to start initial search of the scene?
o Discuss the importance of witness signatures
o Give the overview of conducting preliminary interviews
? Discuss the initial interviews
o Is there need of documenting electronic crime scene?
o What is the importance of photographing the scene?
o Describe sketching of the scene
o Discuss about collecting and preserving electronic evidence
? What important data is present in evidence bag?
? Explain order of volatility
? Discuss about powered OFF computers at seizure time
? Describe the condition with powered ON PC
? Explain the role computers and servers
? Which devices should be collected and preserved as electronic evidence?
? What is the idea behind seizing the portable computers
? Explain packaging electronic evidences
? Describe exhibit numbering
o How can you transport electronic evidence?
o How can you handle and transport the devices to forensic laboratory?
? Explain ‘Chain of Custody’
? Give the brief overview for finding forensic examination by crime category
Module 05 CSIRT
? Define of Vulnerability
? Discuss vulnerability statistics
? Give the brief idea about an Incident
o How to Identify an Incident?
o How to Prevent an Incident?
o What is the relationship between Incident Response, Incident Handling, and Incident Management
o Give the checklist for Incident Response
o How can you handle incidents
o Explain the following stages for handling incident:
? Preparation
? Identification
? Containment
? Eradication
? Recovery
? Follow-up
o Explain Incident Management
o Why don’t Organizations Report Computer Crimes?
o Describe about estimation of Incident cost
o Whom to Report an Incident?
o How to report an Incident?
o What are the different vulnerability resources
o Explain the following category of Incidents
? Category of Incidents: Low Level
? Category of Incidents: Mid Level
? Category of Incidents: High Level
? Explain in brief about CSIRT?
o What are the goals and strategy of CSIRT?
o Describe CSIRT Vision
? Discuss building of CSIRT Vision
o Which are the motivations behind CSIRTs?
o Why an Organization needs an Incident Response Team?
o Who works in a CSIRT?
o Staffing your Computer Security Incident Response Team: What are the basic skills needed?
o Explain the team models
o What are the three categories of CSIRT Services?
o Discuss CSIRT case classification
o Explain types of Incidents and level of Support
o Describe the service attributes
o Explain Incident specific procedures
o How CSIRT handles case: Steps
o Describe US-CERT Incident Reporting System
? Discuss CSIRT Incident Report Form
? Explain CERT(R) Coordination Center: Incident Reporting Form
o Give the example of CSIRT
o Discuss the Best Practices for Creating a CSIRT
? Step 1: Obtain Management Support and Buy-in
? Step 2: Determine the CSIRT Development Strategic Plan
? Step 3: Gather Relevant Information
? Step 4: Design your CSIRT Vision
? Step 5: Communicate the CSIRT Vision
? Step 6: Begin CSIRT Implementation
? Step 7: Announce the CSIRT
o What are the limits to effectiveness in CSIRTs?
o Give the overview of investing in Automated Response
? List down the World CERTs http://www.trusted-introducer.nl/teams/country.html
? Discuss about http://www.first.org/about/organization/teams/
? Discuss IRTs Around the World
Module 06 Computer Forensic Lab
? Explain budget allocation for a Forensics Lab
? List down the physical location needs for a Forensic Lab
? Describe about work area of a computer forensics Lab
? Discuss about general configuration of a Forensic Lab
? List down the equipment required in a Forensics Lab
? Explains ambience of a forensics Lab
o Describe Ergonomics
? What are the environmental conditions required for proper lab functioning?
? What are the recommendations to avoid Eyestrain?
? Discuss about the structural design of Lab
? Explain about the electrical needs to lab
? Give overview for communications factors
? List down the basic workstation requirements in a forensic lab
? What are the essential hardware peripherals should be stocked as a back-up?
? Which are the Application Inventories and Operating System must be maintained?
? How can you provide physical security to your forensic lab?
? Explain Fire-Suppression systems
? Give the general recommendation for evidence locker
? What are the steps for auditing a computer forensics lab
o Auditing a Forensics Lab
? Explain the licensing requirements for forensic lab
? Summarize the features and basic attributes of following forensic laboratory requirements:
o Paraben Forensics Hardware requirements:
? Handheld First Responder Kit
? Wireless StrongHold Bag
? Remote Charger
? Device Seizure Toolbox
? Wireless StrongHold Tent
? Passport StrongHold Bag
? Project-a-Phone
? SATA Adaptor Male/ Data cable for Nokia 7110/6210/6310/i
? Lockdown
? SIM Card Reader/ Sony Clie N & S Series Serial Data Cable
? USB Serial DB9 Adapter
o Portable Forensic Systems and Towers:
? Forensic Air-Lite VI MKII laptop
? Original Forensic Tower II
? Portable Forensic Systems and Towers: Portable Forensic Workhorse V
? Portable Forensic Workhorse V: Tableau 335 Forensic Drive Bay Controller
? Forensic Air-Lite IV MK II
? Forensic Tower II
o Forensic Write Protection Devices and Kits: Ultimate Forensic Write Protection Kit
o Tableau T3u Forensic SATA Bridge Write Protection Kit
o Tableau T8 Forensic USB Bridge Kit/Addonics Mini DigiDrive READ ONLY 12-in-1 Flash Media Reader
o Power Supplies and Switches
o Explain DIBS® Mobile Forensic Workstation
? DIBS® Advanced Forensic Workstation
? DIBS® RAID: Rapid Action Imaging Device
o Forensic Archive and Restore Robotic Devices: Forensic Archive and Restore (FAR Pro)
? List down the different forensic workstations
? Summarize the features and basic attributes of LiveWire Investigator tool
? What are the features of Laboratory Imaging System?
o List down technical specification of the Laboratory-based Imaging System
? Explain about the Computer Forensic Labs, Inc
o Discuss procedures at Computer Forensic Labs (CFL), Inc
? List down Data Destruction Industry Standards
Module 07 Understanding File Systems and Hard Disks
? Give the overview of Disk Drive
? Explain in brief about Hard Disk
o Describe types of Hard Disk Interfaces:
? SCSI
? IDE/EIDE
? USB
? ATA
? Fibre Channel
o What is Disk Platter?
? Describe Tracks
? Explain Tracks Numbering
o Give detail idea about Sector
? Explain Sector Addressing
o Describe in details Cluster?
? Cluster Size
? What is Slack Space?
? Discuss about lost Clusters
o Write more about Bad Sector
o How can you calculate Disk Capacity?
o Summarize the features of following forensic tools:
? Evidor: The Evidence Collector
? WinHex
? Understanding File Systems
o Explain in details about file system:
? Types of File System
? List down the various disk file systems
? List down Network file systems
? List down special purpose file systems
? List down the Linux file systems?
? Explain Sun Solaris 10 File System: ZFS
? List down the Mac OS X File System
? List down Windows File systems
? Explain CD-ROM / DVD File system
o Compare different file systems
o Explain Disk Partition
o Describe Master Boot Record
o Explain more about FAT
? Describe Boot Sector
o Give the brief idea about NTFS
? List down different NTFS System Files
? Explain NTFS partition boot sector
? Describe NTFS Master File Table (MFT)
? Write down about Metadata File Table
? Explain NTFS Attributes
? Give an idea about NTFS Data Stream-I
? Give the overview of NTFS Compressed Files
? Explain in brief about NTFS Encrypted File Systems (EFS)
? Discuss EFS File Structure
? Describe EFS Recovery Key Agent
? What is EFS Key?
? How can you delete NTFS Files?
o What is Registry?
? How can you examine Registry Data
o Compare FAT and NTFS
o Describe Windows XP system files
o Write down the steps for booting Windows (XP/2003)
o Explain http://www.bootdisk.com
Module 08 Understanding Digital Media Devices
? Summarize features and basic attributes of following digital storage devices:
o Magnetic Tape
o Floppy Disk
o Compact Disk
o CD-ROM
o DVD
? DVD-R, DVD+R, and DVD+R(W)
? DVD-RW, DVD+RW
? DVD+R DL/ DVD-R DL/ DVD-RAM
? HD-DVD (High Definition DVD)
? HD-DVD
o Blu-Ray
o Compare the following:
? CD and DVD Vs Blu-Ray
? HD-DVD and Blu-Ray
o iPod
o Zune
o Explain in brief about different Flash Memory Cards
? Secure Digital (SD) Memory Card
? Compact Flash (CF) Memory Card
? Memory Stick (MS) Memory Card
? Multi Media Memory Card (MMC)
? xD-Picture Card (xD)
? SmartMedia Memory (SM) Card
o USB Flash Drives
? USB Flash in a Pen
Module 09 Windows, Linux and Macintosh Boot Processes
? Discuss the different terminologies
? Give the brief idea about:
o Boot Loader
o Boot Sector
o Anatomy of MBR
? Explain basic system boot process
? Give the brief idea about MS-DOS Boot Process
? Explain in details Windows XP Boot Process
? Describe in brief Linux boot process
o Write down about common startup files in UNIX
o List down important directories present in UNIX
o Explain steps for Linux Boot Process:
? Step 1: The Boot Manager
? Step 2: init
? Step 2.1: /etc/inittab
? runlevels
? Step 3: Services
? Step 4: More inittab
? Give brief idea about Mac OS X:
o Discuss Hidden Files in Mac OS X
o Describe booting in Mac OS X
o Explain Mac OS X Boot Options
o Write down the steps for booting Mac OS X
o How to install Mac OS X on Windows XP?
o Explain PearPC
o Describe MacQuisition Boot CD by BlackBag
o Summarize features of Macintosh Forensic Software by BlackBag
? Directory Scan
? FileSpy
? HeaderBuilder
o Summarize the features of following Mac OS forensics tools:
? Carbon Copy Cloner (CCC)
? MacDrive6
Module 10 Windows Forensics
? Where you can find the evidence on a Windows system?
? How can you gathering volatile evidence?
? Summarize the features and advantages of Windows forensics tools:
o Give brief idea about Helix
? List down the tools present in Helix CD for Windows forensics
? Discuss Helix Tool: SecReport
? Explain Helix Tool: Windows Forensic Toolchest (WFT)
o MD5 Generator: Chaos MD5
? Describe Secure Hash Signature Generator
? Explain MD5 Generator: Mat-MD5
? Explain MD5 Checksum Verifier 2.1
o Pslist
o fport
o Psloggedon
? What is File Slack? How can you investigate Windows File Slack?
? How to examine file systems?
? Discuss about built-in tool: Sigverif
? Discuss the Word Extractor forensic tool
? How can you check Registry?
o Summarize features of following registry tools:
o Registry Viewer Tool: RegScanner
o Microsoft Security ID
? Summarize features and importance of Memory Dump
o Pagefile.sys and PMDump
? What is Virtual Memory?
o Discuss System Scanner
? Explain Integrated Windows Forensics Software: X-Ways Forensics and its features
? How can you investigate Internet Traces
? Summarize the features of following Internet tracing tools:
o Traces Viewer
o IECookiesView
o IE History Viewer
o Cache Monitor
? Give overview about Investigating ADS Streams
? How can you create CD-ROM Bootable for Windows XP
o Bart PE (Bart Preinstalled Environment): Screenshot
o Ultimate Boot CD-ROM
o List down the tools present in UB CD-ROM
Module 11 Linux Forensics
? Why use Linux for Forensics?
? How to recognize partitions in Linux?
? Explain file system in Linux
o Describe file system
? Discuss mount Command
? Discuss the Boot Sequence in Linux
? Explain Linux Forensics
? Discuss case example
o Explain Step-by-step approach to case
? What are the challenges in disk forensics with Linux
? Discuss Jason Smith Case
o Explain Step-by-step approach to case
? Summarize the features of following Linux forensics tools:
o The Sleuth Kit
? List down the tools present in “The Sleuth Kit”
o Autopsy
? Describe evidence analysis techniques in Autopsy
o SMART for Linux
o Penguin Sleuth
? List down the tools included in Penguin Sleuth Kit
o Forensix
o Maresware
? List down the various programs present in Maresware
o Captain Nemo
o THE FARMER’S BOOT CD
Module 12 Data Acquisition and Duplication
? What are the different acquisition methods?
? Explain data recovery contingencies
? What is the need of data duplication?
? Explain features of MS-DOS Data Acquisition tool: DriveSpy
? Give the overview of Windows Data Acquisition tools
o FTK Imager
? Describe data acquiring in Linux
o Explain Dd Command
o How can you extract the MBR?
o Explain Netcat Command
? Discuss dd Command (Windows XP Version)
? Summarize the features of following data acquisition tools:
o Mount Image Pro
o Snapshot Tool
o Snapback DatArrest
o Data Acquisition Tool: SafeBack
o Hardware Tool: Image MASSter Solo-3 Forensic
o Hardware Tool: LinkMASSter-2 Forensic
o Hardware Tool: RoadMASSter-2
o Data Duplication Tool: R-drive Image
o Data Duplication Tool: DriveLook
o Data Duplication Tool: DiskExplorer
o Save-N-Sync
o Hardware Tool: ImageMASSter 6007SAS
o Hardware Tool: Disk Jockey IT
o SCSIPAK
o IBM DFSMSdss
o Tape Duplication System: QuickCopy
Module 13 Computer Forensic Tools
Part I- Software Forensics Tools
? Summarize the features and advantages of following software forensics tools:
o Visual TimeAnalyzer
o X-Ways Forensics
o Evidor
o Slack Space & Data Recovery Tools: Ontrack
o Data Recovery Tools:
? Device Seizure 1.0
? Forensic Sorter v2.0.1
? Directory Snoop
o Permanent Deletion of Files:
? PDWipe
? Darik’s Boot and Nuke (DBAN)
o File Integrity Checker:
? FileMon
? File Date Time Extractor (FDTE)
? Decode – Forensic Date/Time Decoder
o Disk Imaging Tools:
? Snapback Datarrest
o Partition Managers: Partimage
o Linux/Unix Tools: Ltools and Mtools
o Password Recovery Tool:
? @Stake
? Decryption Collection Enterprise v2.5
? AIM Password Decoder
? MS Access Database Password Decoder
o Internet History Viewer:
? CookieView – Cookie Decoder
? Cookie Viewer
? Cache View
? FavURLView – Favourite Viewer
? NetAnalysis
o Multipurpose Tools:
? Maresware
? LC Technologies Software
? Winhex Specialist Edition
? Prodiscover DFT
o Toolkits:
? NTI Tools
? R-Tools-I
? Datalifter
? Toolkits: Accessdata
? FTK- Forensic Toolkit
? Image Master Solo and Fastbloc
? Encase
o Email Recovery Tool:
? E-mail Examiner
? Network E-mail Examiner
o Case Agent Companion
o Chat Examiner
o Forensic Replicator
o Registry Analyzer
o ASR Data’s SMART
o Oxygen Phone Manager
o SIM Card Seizure
o Text Searcher
o Autoruns
o Autostart Viewer
o Belkasoft RemovEx
o HashDig
o Inforenz Forager
o KaZAlyser
o DiamondCS OpenPorts
o Pasco
o Patchit
o PE Explorer
o Port Explorer
o PowerGREP
o Process Explorer
o PyFLAG
o Registry Analyzing Tool: Regmon
o Reverse Engineering Compiler
o SafeBack
o TapeCat
o Vision
Part II- Hardware Forensics Tools
? Summarize the features and advantages of following hardware computer forensic tools:
o Hard Disk Write Protection Tools: Nowrite & Firewire Drivedock
o LockDown
o Write Protect Card Reader
o Drive Lock IDE
o Serial-ATA DriveLock Kit
o Wipe MASSter
o ImageMASSter Solo-3 IT
o ImageMASSter 4002i
o ImageMasster 3002SCSI
o Image MASSter 3004SATA
?
?
Module 14 Forensics Investigations Using Encase
? What is Evidence File
o Explain evidence file format
o How can you verifying file integrity
? Describe Hashing
? How can you acquiring image?
? Explain configuring of Encase and discuss following:
o Encase Options Screen
o Encase Screens
o View Menu
o Device Tab
o Viewing Files and Folders
o Bottom Pane
? Viewers in Bottom Pane
? Status Bar
? Explain in brief about searching ability of Encase
o Discuss about Keywords
? How to add Keywords?
? How can you group keywords?
? How can you add multiple Keywords?
o How to do Search?
o Discuss Search Hits tab
? Give the brief idea about Bookmark:
o What is Bookmarks?
o How to create Bookmarks?
o Discuss about adding Bookmarks
? Explain the procedure for recovering Deleted Files/folders in FAT Partition
o How can you recover folders in NTFS?
o Explain Master Boot Record(MBT)
o How to view Disk Geometry?
? Explain the recovery of deleted partitions
? Explain in brief about Hash Values?
o How to create Hash Sets
o Describe MD5 Hash
o How to create Hash?
? What do you mean by Viewers?
? Discuss Signature Analysis
? How can you view the results?
? Explain the process for copying files/folders
? Describe E-mail Recovery
? Discuss Reporting
? Explain Boot Disks in Encase
? What is IE Cache Images?
Module 15 Recovering Deleted Files and Deleted partitions
Part I: Recovering Deleted Files
? How can you delete the files?
? What happens when a File is Deleted in Windows?
? Give the brief idea about Recycle Bin in Windows
o Discuss the storage locations of Recycle Bin in FAT and NTFS system
o How The Recycle Bin Works?
o Explain damaged or deleted INFO File
o Describe damaged files in Recycled folder
o Give the overview of damaged Recycle folder
? How to Undelete a File?
? Explain Data Recovery in Linux
? Summarize the features of following deleted files recovery tools:
o Search and Recover
o Zero Assumption Digital Image Recovery
o e2Undel
o R-linux
o O&O Unerase
o Restorer 2000
o Badcopy Pro
o File Scavenger
o Mycroft V3
o PC ParaChute
o Stellar Phoenix
o Filesaver
o Virtual Lab
o Drive and Data Recovery
o Active@ UNERASER – DATA Recovery
o Restoration
o PC Inspector File Recovery
o PC Inspector Smart Recovery
o Fundelete
o RecoverPlus Pro
o OfficeFIX
o Recover My Files
o Zero Assumption Recovery
o SuperFile Recover
o IsoBuster
o CDRoller
o DiskInternals Uneraser
o DiskInternal Flash Recovery
o DiskInternals NTFS Recovery
o Recover Lost/Deleted/Corrupted files on CDs and DVDs
o Undelete
o Active@ UNDELETE
o CD Data Rescue
o File Recover
o WinUndelete
o R-Undelete
o Image Recall
o eIMAGE Recovery
o File Scavenger
o Recover4all Professional
o eData Unerase
o Easy-Undelete
o InDisk Recovery
o Repair My Excel
o Repair Microsoft Word Files
o Zip Repair
o Canon RAW File Recovery Software
Part II: Recovering Deleted Partitions
? Explain deletion of partition
? How can you delete partition using Windows
? How can you delete partition using command line
? Describe recovery of deleted partition
? Summarize the features of following deleted partition recovery tools:
o GetDataBack
o DiskInternals Partition Recovery
o Active@ Partition Recovery
o Handy Recovery
o Acronis Recovery Expert
o Active Disk Image
o TestDisk
o Recover It All!
o Scaven
o Partition Table Doctor
o NTFS Deleted Partition Recovery
Module 16 Image Files Forensics
? Define the common terminologies
? Give the brief idea about Image files
o What do you understand by vector images?
o Explain raster images?
o Discuss Metafile Graphics
o Summarize the structure, features and basic attributes of following Image file formats:
? GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
? JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
? JPEG 2000
? BMP (Bitmap) File
? PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
? Tagged Image File Format (TIFF)
? ZIP (Zone Information Protocol)
? How file compression works?
? Discuss data compression and its types
o Explain following data compression algorithms:
? Huffman Coding Algorithm
? Lempel-Ziv Coding Algorithm
? What is mean Lossy Compression
o Explain Vector Quantization
? Give the overview about locating and recovering image files
? What is the importance of Image file headers?
? How can you repair the damaged headers?
? Explain reconstruction of file fragments
? Identify and discuss unknown file formats
o Summarize the features of following tools to identify unknown file formats:
? Picture Viewer: Ifran View
Donwload Free PassGuide Braindumps-The Most Realistic Practice Questions and Answers,Help You Pass any Exams? Picture Viewer: ACDsee
? Picture Viewer: Thumbsplus
? Picture Viewer: AD
? Picture Viewer: Max
? FastStone Image Viewer
? XnView
? Faces – Sketch Software
? Describe Steganography in image files
? Define the term Steganalysis
o Summarize the features of following steganalysis tools:
? Steganalysis Tool: Hex Workshop
? Steganalysis Tool: S-tools
? Steganalysis Tool: Stegdetect
? Summarize the features and advantages of following Image File Forensic tools:
o GFE Stealth (Graphics File Extractor)
o Tool: ILook v8
o Tool: P2 eXplorer
? Explain the copyright issues on graphics
Module 17 Steganography
? What do mean by Steganography?
? Discuss the history of Steganography
? Explain evolution of Steganography
? How the Steganography is classified?
? Is the Steganography and Cryptography are same terms?
? Explain the model of Stegosystem and Cryptosystem
? Give the brief idea about Image Steganography
o Explain different Steganography techniques?
? Least Significant Bit Insertion in Image Files
? Masking and Filtering on Image Files
? Algorithms and Transformation
? Write in short about Stego-Forensics
o Describe the important terms in Stego-Forensics?
o What are the different categories of Steganography in forensics?
? Explain in brief the concept of Watermarking
o What is Watermarking?
o Compare Steganography and Watermarking
o How the Watermarking can be classified?
o Describe the various attacks on Watermarking
o List down the applications of Watermarking?
o Explain Digimarc’s Digital Watermarking
o Discuss the Mosaic Attack on watermarking
? Mosaic Attack – Javascript code
? Give the overview of 2Mosaic – Watermark breaking Tool
? Define Steganalysis
o Explain Steganalysis Methods/Attacks on Steganography
? List down the real world uses of Steganography?
? Discuss about Steganography in the future
? Where the Steganography can be used unethically?
? Describe information hiding in audio files:
o Low-bit Encoding
o Phase Coding
o Spread Spectrum
o Echo Data Hiding
? Explain information hiding in DNA
? Give the overview of TEMPSET
? Describe the concept of Van Eck phreaking
? What do you mean by Printer Forensics?
o Is Your Printer Spying On You?
o Explain DocuColor Tracking Dot Decoding
? Summarize the features and uses of following Steganography tools:
o Fort Knox
o Blindside
o S- Tools
o Steghide
o Image Hide
o Mp3Stego
o Snow
o Camera/Shy
o Steganos
o Pretty Good Envelop
o Gifshuffle
o Refugee
o JPHIDE and JPSEEK
o wbStego
o OutGuess
o Invisible Secrets 4
o Masker
o Data Stash
o Hydan
o Cloak
o StegaNote
o Stegomagic
o Hermetic Stego
? List down the application of Steganography
? How to Detect Steganography?
o Explain Steganography detection
o Summarize the features of following Steganography detection tools:
? Stego Suite
? Stego Watch
? StegSpy?
Module: 18 Application Password Crackers
? Describe the terminology of Password
? What is a Password Cracker?
? How Does a Password Cracker Work?
? Summarize the various password cracking methods:
o Brute Force Attack
o Dictionary Attack
o Syllable Attack
o Rule-based Attack
o Hybrid Attack
o Password Guessing
o Rainbow Attack
? How can you classify the cracking software?
o Explain System Level Password Cracking
o Describe CMOS Level Password Cracking
? Summarize the features of following tools:
? CmosPwd
? ERD Commander
? Active Password Changer
o Explain application software password cracker
o What is Distributed Network Attack (DNA)?
o Discuss Passware Kit
o Explain Accent Keyword Extractor
o Give the overview of advanced zip password recovery
? Explain default password database and summarize the features of following default password database organizations
o http://phenoelit.darklab.org/
o http://www.defaultpassword.com/
o http://www.cirt.net/cgi-bin/passwd.pl
o http://www.virus.org/index.php?
? Summarize the features of Pdf Password Crackers
? Summarize the features and advantages of following password cracking tools:
o Tool: Cain & Abel
o Tool: LCP
o Tool: SID&User
o Tool: Ophcrack 2
o Tool: John the Ripper
o Tool: DJohn
o Tool: Crack
o Tool: Brutus
o Tool: Access PassView
o Tool: RockXP
o Tool: Magical Jelly Bean Keyfinder
o Tool: PstPassword
o Tool: Protected Storage PassView
o Tool: Network Password Recovery
o Tool: Mail PassView
o Tool: Asterisk Key
o Tool: Messenger Key
o Tool: MessenPass
o Tool: Password Spectator Pro
o Tool: SniffPass
o Tool: Asterisk Logger
o Tool: Dialupass
o Tool: Mail Password Recovery
o Tool: Database Password Sleuth
o Tool: CHAOS Generator
o Tool: PicoZip Recovery
o Tool: Netscapass
? What are the common recommendations for improving password security?
? Discuss some advices for standard password
Module 19 Network Forensics and Investigating Logs
? Define Network Forensics in brief
o Discuss the Hacking Process
o Discuss the Intrusion Process
? Where to look for evidences?
? Describe End-to End forensic investigation
? Is a log file act as evidence?
? Describe records of regularly conducted activity
? Explain the legality of using logs
? What is the importance of maintaining credible IIS Log files?
? Discuss the accuracy of Log File
? What do you mean by Log Everything?
? Explain the importance of keeping time in network forensics
o UTC Time
? Can you use multiple logs as evidence?
? Give the overview about authenticity of Log File
? What do you mean by work with copies?
? Describe the access control of log files
? Explain Chain of Custody
? Explain the importance of Audit Logs
o Give the brief idea about Syslog:
? What is Syslog?
? Describe Remote Logging
? Write down about Central Logging Design
? List down the steps to implement Central Logging
? Give an idea of Centralized Syslog Server
? Discuss the features and working Syslog-ng: Security Tool
o Give the overview IIS Centralized Binary Logging
o Explain ODBC Logging
o Summarize the features of following log analysis tools:
? IISLogger: Development tool
? Socklog: IDS Log Analysis Tool
? KiwiSysLog Tool
? Microsoft Log Parser: Forensic Analysis Tool
? Firewall Analyzer: Log Analysis Tool
? Adaptive Security Analyzer (ASA) Pro: Log Analysis Tool
? GFI EventsManager
? How does GFI EventsManager work?
o Describe the functioning of Activeworx Security Center
? Explain Linux Process Accounting
? Give the idea about configuring Windows Logging
o How to set up Remote Logging in Windows?
o Summarize the features of following Windows centralized logging tools:
o Ntsyslog
o Eventreporter
? Discuss the features and working of EventLog Analyzer
? Explain extended logging in IIS server
? Give the overview of examining Intrusion and Security Events
? Why Synchronize Computer Times?
? What is NTP Protocol?
o Describe NTP Stratum Levels
? List down the various NIST Time Servers
? Write down the steps for configuring Windows Time Service?
Module 20 Investigating Network Traffic
? Describe network addressing schemes
? Give the overview of Network Protocols
? Give the brief idea about Physical and Data-link Layer of the OSI Model
o How can you gather evidence at the Physical Layer?
o Summarize the features and advantages of following evidence gathering tools:
? Tcpdump
? Windump
? NetIntercept
? Ethereal
? CommView
? Softperfect Network Sniffer
? HTTP Sniffer
? EtherDetect Packet Sniffer
? OmniPeek
? Iris Network Traffic Analyzer
? SmartSniff
? NetSetMan Tool
o How can you gather evidences at the Data-link Layer
? Explain the evidence gathering at Data-link Layer using DHCP database
? Give the brief idea about Network and Transport Layer of the OSI Model
o How can you gather evidences at Network and Transport Layer?
o Describe the evidence gathering on a Network
? Write down the features of GPRS Network Sniffer: Nokia LIG
? Summarize the features, working and goals of Siemens Monitoring Center
? Summarize the features and advantages of following network information gathering tools:
o NetWitness
o Netresident Tool
o McAffee Infinistream Security Forensics
o eTrust Network Forensics
o Give the brief idea about snort intrusion detection system
? Explain placement of Snort IDS
? Describe IDS Policy Manager for writing snort rules(http://www.activeworx.org)
? How to write the documents over evidences gathered on a Network?
? Describe the evidence reconstruction for investigation?
Module 21 Investigating Wireless Attacks
? Describe the association of Wireless AP and Device
? Explain search warrant for Wireless Networks
? List down the points to remember while conducting a penetration test
? Write down the points that should not be overlooked while testing the Wireless Network
? Discuss the methods to access a Wireless Access Point
o Direct-connect to the Wireless Access Point
? Describe the features of Nmap
? How can you scan Wireless Access Points using Nmap?
? Explain Rogue Access Point
o “Sniffing” Traffic Between the Access Point and Associated Devices
? How can you scan using Airodump?
? How do you collect information using MAC Address?
? List down the points that are to be remembered during Airodump scanning
? Write down for additional devices
o How can you reconnect associated devices?
? How can you check for MAC filtering?
o Can you change the MAC Address?
? Explain Passive Attack
? Describe Active Attacks on Wireless Networks
? How can you investigate Wireless Attacks??
Module 22 Investigating Web Attacks
? What are the different indications of Web Attack?
? Summarize the different types of web attacks and procedure to investigate them:
o Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
? How to investigate Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)?
o Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
? Explain the anatomy of CSRF Attack
? Write down the pen-testing of CSRF Validation Fields
o SQL Injection Attacks
? How to investigate SQL Injection Attack?
o Code Injection Attack
? How to investigate Code Injection Attack?
o Command Injection Attack
o Parameter Tampering
o Cookie Poisoning
? How to investigate Cookie Poisoning Attack?
o Buffer Overflow/Cookie Snooping
? How to investigate Buffer Overflow attack?
o DMZ Protocol Attack, Zero Day Attack
? Write down the steps for responding to a Web Attack
? Describe the Web Logs
? Give the brief idea about FTP investigation:
o Example of FTP Compromise
o How to investigate FTP Logs?
o Write down about investigation of FTP Servers
? How to investigate the following:
o Investigating IIS Logs
o Investigating Apache Logs
o Investigating DHCP Server Logfile
? Describe Mirrored Sites
? Summarize the features of following web vulnerability scanner:
o N-Stealth
o Acunetix Web Vulnerability Scanner
? Write in brief about investigation of Static and Dynamic IP address
o Summarize the features and uses of IP address locating tools:
? Nslookup
? Traceroute
? NeoTrace (Now McAfee Visual Trace)
? Whois
? Hide Real IP
? IP Detective Suite
? Enterprise IP – Address Manager
? Explain web page defacement
o Describe the defacement using DNS compromise
o How to investigate DNS Poisoning
? Describe Intrusion Detection
? Summarize the features and benefits of CounterStorm-1: Defense against Known, Zero Day and Targeted Attacks?
Module 23 Router Forensics
? Give brief idea about router:
o What is a Router?
o Explain the functioning of a Router
o Describe the role of router in an OSI Model
o Explain the routing table and its components
o Write in short about router architecture
o Discuss the role of Routing Information Protocol(RIP)
? Explain the implications of a Router Attack
? How the routers can be hacked?
? Describe the various types of Router Attacks:
o Router Attack Topology
o Denial of Service(DoS) Attacks
o Packet “Mistreating” Attacks
o Routing Table Poisoning
o Compare Hit-and-run Attacks and Persistent Attacks
? Compare Router Forensics and Traditional Forensics
? Give the brief idea about investigation of Routers
o What is mean by Chain of Custody?
? Sample Chain Of Custody (COC) Form
o Explain the Incident Response
o How can you recording your session?
o What precaution should be taken while accessing the Router?
o Describe volatile evidence gathering
? Write down the steps for investigating Router
? What is the importance of Router Logs?
? Summarize the features and uses of the following router logs:
? NETGEAR Router Logs
? Link Logger
? Write down the features and uses of Sawmill: Linksys Router Log Analyzer
o How can you analyze the intrusion?
? Describe the various types of Logging
? Explain incident forensics
o How can you handle a direct compromise incident?
o Write in short about other incidents
? Describe Real Time Forensics
? Summarize the features and uses of Router Audit Tool (RAT)
Module 24 Investigating DoS Attacks
? Define DoS Attacks
? Summarize the different types of DoS Attacks:
o Ping of Death Attack
o Teardrop Attack
o SYN Flooding
o Land
o Smurf
o Fraggle
o Snork
o WINDOWS OUT-OF-BAND (OOB) Attack
? Give the brief idea about DDoS Attack
o Explain the working of DDoS Attacks (FIG)
o Describe the classification of DDoS Attack
? Describe the different DoS Attack modes?
? What are the indications of a DoS/DDoS Attack?
? Summarize the working of different techniques to detect DoS Attack:
o Activity Profiling
o Sequential Change-Point Detection
o Wavelet-based Signal Analysis
? Discuss the challenges in detection of DoS attack
Module 25 Investigating Internet Crimes
? Define Internet Crimes
? What is mean by Internet Forensics?
o Why Internet Forensics?
? Describe about IP Address
? Give brief idea about Domain Name System (DNS)
o Explain DNS Record manipulation
o Write down about DNS Lookup
? What type of information E-mail headers provide?
o Explain the procedure for Email headers forging
o How can you trace back spam mails?
? Give an idea about witch URL redirection:
o Sample Javascript for Page-based Redirection
o Embedded JavaScript
? How can you recover information from Web Pages
o How can you download a Single Page or an Entire Web Site
o Summarize the features and uses of following tools which are used to save an entire web sites:
? Grab-a-Site
? SurfOffline 1.4
? My Offline Browser 1.0 www.newprosoft.com
? WayBack Machine
? Explain in brief about HTTP Headers
o How can you view the header information?
? What type of information you examine in cookies?
o Write down the steps to view cookies in Firefox
? How can you trace the geographical location of a URL?
o DNS Lookup Result: centralops.net
? Summarize the features and advantages of following tools:
o NetScanTools Pro
o Tool: Privoxy http://www.privoxy.org/?
Module 26 Tracking E-mails and Investigating E-mail Crimes
? Explain about the roles of the Client and Server in E-mail:
o How the E-mail client works?
o How the E-mail Server works?
o Describe the real E-mail system
? Give the brief idea about E-mail Crimes:
o What is mean by Spamming?
o Explain the term Mail Bombing/Mail Storm
o What happens in Chat Rooms?
o Describe Identity Fraud/Chain Letter
o Discuss about Sending fakemail
? Write in brief about investigating E-mail Crime and Violation:
o Describe viewing E-mail Headers
? How can you examine an E-mail Header?
? Describe the following:
o Received: Headers
o Forging Headers
? List down the different common headers
? How can you view the header in Microsoft Outlook?
? How can you view the header in AOL?
? How can you view the header in Hotmail?
? Explain examining of additional files (.pst or .ost files)
? Describe Microsoft Outlook Mail
? Where is the Pst File located?
? List down the organizations to trace an E-mail Message
? How can you trace the e-mail message using Network Logs (Firewall Log)?
? Summarize the features and functions of following E-mail tracking tools:
o Exchange Message Tracking Center
o MailDetective Tool
? Summarize the features and functions of following E-mail Forensic Tools:
o Forensic ToolKit (FTK)
o Tool:FINALeMAIL
o Tool: R-Mail
o Tool: E-Mail Detective
o E-Mail Examiner by Paraben
o Network E-Mail Examiner by Paraben
o Recover My Email for Outlook
o Diskinternals – Outlook Recovery
? Explain the e-mail tracing back
o How can you trace back web based E-mail?
? List down the various organizations that provide E-mail searching services
o How can you handle the Spam?
o Summarize the goals and working of Abuse.Net
? Summarize the features and functions of following tools:
o eMailTrackerPro
o Tool: SPAM Punisher
o Tool: SpamArrest
o Tool: ID Protect – www.enom.com
? Summarize the following laws and Acts related to E-mail crime:
o U.S. Laws Against Email Crime: CAN-SPAM Act
o U.S.C. § 2252A
o U.S.C. § 2252B
o Email crime law in Washington: RCW 19.190.020 ?
Module 27 Investigating Corporate Espionage
? Define the Corporate Espionage
? Explain the motives behind Corporate Espionage
? What type of information that corporate spies seek?
? Describe the Corporate Espionage threats.
? Summarize the various techniques of Spying
? Discuss the various techniques to secure from corporate Spying
? Explain Netspionage
? How to investigate corporate espionage cases?
? Summarize the features and functions of following tools:
o Employee Monitoring: Activity Monitor
o Spy Tool: SpyBuddy?
Module 28 Investigating Trademark and Copyright Infringement
? Define Trademark
o Explain the various characteristics of Trademarks
o What are the benefits of registering Trademark
o Describe the terms:
? Service Marks
? Trade Dress
o Write a note on Trademark Infringement
? Give the brief idea about the term Copyright
o Write the note on Investigating Copyright Status
o How Long Does a Copyright Last?
o Discuss the mission of U.S Copyright Office
o Explain doctrine of “Fair Use”
o How is Copyrights Enforced?
o Describe the term Copyright Infringement: Plagiarism
? Describe the various plagiarism detection factors
? Summarize the features and functions of following plagiarism detection tools:
? Turnitin
? CopyCatch
? Copy Protection System (COPS)
? SCAM (Stanford Copy Analysis Mechanism)
? CHECK
? Jplag
? VAST
? SIM
? PLAGUE
? YAP
? SPlaT
? Sherlock
? Urkund
? PRAISE
? FreestylerIII
? SafeAssignment
? Give the brief idea about Patent
o Explain Patent Infringement
o Describe the strategy for Patent search
? Summarize the features http://www.ip.com
o How it works?
? Explain the term Domain Name Infringement
o How to Check for Domain Name Infringement?
? Write a note on Investigating Intellectual Property
? Summarize the following laws related to Trademark and Copyright:
o US Laws
o Indian Laws
o Japanese Laws
o Australia Laws
o UK Laws ?
Module 29 Investigating sexually harassment incidents
? Define the term Sexual Harassment
? Summarize the different types of Sexual Harassment
? Discuss the consequences of Sexual Harassment
? What are the different responsibilities should be taken by Supervisors to prevent sexual harassment?
? Explain the responsibilities of employees
? Discuss the process for complaint against Sexual harassment
? Explain the investigation process:
o How do you investigate the Sexual Harassment?
? Discuss the Sexual Harassment Policies
? List down the several preventive steps
? Summarize the following acts and laws related to sexual Harassment:
o U.S Laws on Sexual Harassment
o Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act
o The Civil Rights Act of 1991
o Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment
o Common Law Torts
o State and Municipal Laws?
Module 30 Investigating Child Pornography
? Define Child Pornography
? What are the motives of people behind Child Pornography?
? Discuss about the people involved in Child Pornography
? Describe the role of Internet in promoting Child Pornography
? Explain the effects of Child Pornography on children
? Identify and describe the measures to prevent dissemination of Child Pornography
? Describe the various challenges in controlling Child Pornography
? Summarize the guidelines for investigating Child Pornography cases
? What are the different sources of digital evidence?
? Summarize the features, working and goals of Antichildporn.org:
o How to Report Antichildporn.org about Child Pornography Cases
o Describe the Report format of Antichildporn.org
? Summarize the features, working and uses of anti-child pornographic tools:
o Reveal
o iProtectYou
o Child Exploitation Tracking System (CETS)
? Summarize features, working and goals of anti-child pornography organizations:
o http://www.projectsafechildhood.gov/
o Innocent Images National Initiative
o Internet Crimes Against Children (ICAC)
? Describe the report on Child Pornography in various countries
? Summarize the following laws related to Child Pornography:
o U.S. Laws
o Australia Laws
o Austria Laws
o Belgium Laws
o Cyprus Laws
o Japan Laws
Module 31 PDA Forensics
? Give the brief idea about PDA:
o What is Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)?
o Explain the various features of PDA
o Describe the various PDA components
? Summarize the PDA Forensics Steps:
o Investigative Methods
o PDA Forensics – Examination
o PDA Forensics – Identification
o PDA Forensics – Collection
o PDA Forensics – Documentation
? Discuss the points to remember while conducting investigation
? Summarize the features and functions of PDA forensics tools:
o PDA Secure – Forensic Tool
o PDA Seizure
o EnCase – Forensic Tool
Module 32 iPod Forensics
? Summarize the features and basic attributes of iPod
o iPod
o iPod as Operating System
? Describe Apple HFS+ and FAT32 file system and application formats in iPod
? Discuss the various misuses of iPod
? Summarize the stages for iPod Investigation
o Mac Connected iPods
o Windows Connected iPods
o Storage
o Lab Analysis
o Remove Device From Packaging
? How will you test Mac Version
? Explain the Full System Restore as Described in the Users’ Manual
? How will you test Windows Version
o User Account
o Calendar and Contact Entries
? Summarize features and uses of EnCase
? Registry Key Containing the iPod’s USB/Firewire Serial Number
? Summarize the features and functions of iPod forensic tools:
o DiskInternals Music Recovery
o Recover My iPod?
Module 33 Blackberry Forensics
? Explain in brief about Blackberry:
o Blackberry: Introduction
o What are the different functions of BlackBerry?
o Describe BlackBerry as Operating System
o Summarize the working of BlackBerry
o Explain BlackBerry serial protocol
o Discuss the BlackBerry security
o Describe the wireless security for BlackBerry
? BlackBerry Security for Wireless Data
? Security for Stored Data
? Identify and describe Forensics and Acquisition of Blackberry
? Summarize the methods for collecting evidence from Blackberry
o Collecting Evidence from Blackberry: Gathering Logs
o Collecting Evidence from Blackberry: Imaging and Profiling
? Discuss the various Blackberry attacks
? How do you protect stored data in Blackberry?
? Identify and describe data hiding in BlackBerry
? Summarize the features and uses of BlackBerry Signing Authority Tool
Module 34 Investigative Reports
? Discuss the importance of Reports
? Explain the need of an investigative report
? Identify and describe the requirements for investigating Report
? Describe the Report Classification
? Identify and describe the layout of an investigative Report
? Describe sample forensic Report
? Write down the guidelines for writing Reports
? What is the importance of Consistency?
? Summarize the features and aspects of a Good Report
o Explain the investigative Report Format
? Discuss Dos and Don’ts of Forensic Computer Investigations
? Identify and describe case report writing and documentation
o Create a Report to Attach to the Media Analysis Worksheet
? Summarize the investigative procedures:
o Collecting Physical and Demonstrative Evidence
o Collecting Testimonial Evidence
? Explain the best practices for Investigators
? Describe the report writing using FTK
Module 35 Becoming an Expert Witness
? What is Expert Witness?
? Who Is an Expert Witness?
? Discuss the role of an Expert Witness
? Summarize the various types of Expert Witnesses:
o Computer Forensics Experts
o Medical & Psychological Experts
o Civil Litigation Experts
o Construction & Architecture Experts
o Criminal Litigation Experts
? Discuss the scope of Expert Witness Testimony in various areas of expertise
o Compare the terms Technical Testimony and Expert Testimony
? Summarize the steps for Evidence processing
o Write down the checklists for processing Evidence
o How do you examine Computer Evidence?
? Discuss the rules pertaining to an Expert Witness’ qualification
? Explain the importance of Resumé
? Explain in brief about testifying an Expert witness in Court:
o What is the order of trial proceedings?
o Write down the general ethics while testifying
o How do you represent your evidence?
o Explain the importance of graphics in a testimony
o How can you help to your Attorney?
o Discuss about avoiding testimony issues
o Describe about testifying during Direct Examination
o Describe testifying during Cross Examination
? Give the brief idea about deposing:
o What is the purpose of deposing?
o How do you recognizing deposing problems?
o List down the guidelines to testify at a deposing
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